Author Archives: José H. Leal

A Maimed Muscle Scar?

In a bivalve, the half-shells, or valves, are kept together in part by one (or two, depending on the family) adductor muscles. When threatened, the bivalve will clamp its shell shut by quickly contracting the muscles. The areas of muscle attachment on the inside surfaces of an empty shell remain as muscle “scars.” Late last week Collection Associate Jessica Godwin called my attention to one of the scars on a valve of a freshwater mussel known as Washboard, or Megalonaias nervosa (Rafinesque, 18

The Cayenne and Meta Limpets

As suggested recently by a Museum friend, here is a brief comparison between the shells of two local (Southwest Florida) keyhole limpets. The Cayenne Keyhole Limpet, Diodora cayenensis, is on the top row, the Meta Keyhole Limpet, Diodora meta, on the bottom row. The Cayenne may reach about 25 mm (one inch) locally, whereas Meta may grow to be only half as much. Notice, (1) the color, almost completely absent in Meta; (2) the general outline, more “oval” in Cayenne, more elongate in Meta; (3) the

The Miniature Lucine

At about 10 mm (about 0.4-inch) the Miniature Lucine, Radiolucina amianta (Dall, 1901), is one of the smallest among many species of the family Lucinidae found along the barrier islands of SW Florida. There are at least 13 lucinid species found on local beaches—the Buttercup Lucine, Anodontia alba, is probably the best known among them. Lucinid clams are known to host chemosynthetic bacteria in their body tissues; these bacteria derive their life energy from simple chemical reactions (in contras

The Shell Museum’s Own Bone-eating Snails

This shell of the bone-eating snail Rubyspira osteovora Johnson et al., 2010 is part of the National Shell Museum collection, catalogue number BMSM 20687. It was retrieved, in March 2009, by Robert Vrijenhoek & Sharon Johnson, both of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), using their Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Doc Ricketts at the Ruby whale fall, at 2,894 m (about 9,495 ft). It measures about 40 mm, and was donated to the Museum by Robert Vrijenhoek for display in our “Deep

2019 Conchologists of America Convention on Captiva

The 2019 Conchologists of America Convention will take place on nearby Captiva Island on June 19–23, with field trips planned for June 17–18. The Convention has as its theme the birth centenary of noted American malacologist and National Shell Museum’s Founding Director, Dr. Robert Tucker Abbott. The Museum will be hosting an open house/reception on July 18 at 6 pm. The reception will be open to all full registrants to the Convention. Click here to download the registration form and get more in

Ruby, the Whale, and the Bone-eating Snails

Some mollusks can be highly specialized in their feeding habits. Take, for instance, Rubyspira osteovora Johnson et al., 2010 (photo), a deep-sea gastropod that is found only on or around the skeletons of dead whales. In 2010, Shannon B. Johnson of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and her collaborators first named the genus Rubyspira after the nickname of the whale skeleton on which the species was first retrieved, Ruby, combined with spira, Greek and Latin for coil or spira

The Tower Pyram

Just like the Netted Pyram, Peristichia agria Dall, 1889, presented last week in this column, the Tower Pyram, Peristichia toreta Dall, 1889, is a local gastropod of the hyper-diverse family Pyramidellidae. The Tower Pyram shell is slender, elongate, reaching 11 mm (about 0.4 inch) in length. The shell sculpture includes three spiral cords and single smooth, narrow spiral thread just above suture (the groove between two whorls); about 30 narrow axial ribs are present. As with the Netted Pyram, a

First Child Love!

If you have more than one child, do you love the first one more than the other(s)? I believe I feel the same love for my two daughters, but when it comes to the shells I named, the first one stands out in the way I care for them. Last week, I was delighted to see a wonderful pair of images of Arene flexispina (Leal & Coelho, 1985), the first species of mollusks I named, posted in the JaxShells.org website. The two images were taken by one the great contemporary shell (and living mollusk) phot

The Netted Pyram

The Netted Pyram, Peristichia agria Dall, 1889 is a local gastropod of the hyper-diverse family Pyramidellidae. Its shell may reach 7 mm (about 0.3 inch), and the surface sculpture includes three spiral (“coiling”) cords (four on last whorl) crossed by about 20 axial ("vertical") ribs. The combination of spiral cords and axial ribs impart a reticulated, or net-like, pattern to the shell surface, and small nodules form at the intersections of the cords and ribs. The shell color is cream-white. Py

The Sibling Tellin

The Sibling Tellin, Ameritella consobrina (d’Orbigny, 1853) is a local bivalve of the diverse family Tellinidae. Its shell may reach 12 mm (about 0.5 inch), and is sculptured with commarginal (“concentric”) lines and oblique striations. “Fresh-dead” shells may be translucent, with iridescent undertones, and the color pattern may include reddish or pink rays inside and outside. The pair of valves illustrated was collected by Dr. Jim Scatterday in early 2015 on the East End of Sanibel. The Sibling