Mollusks

Shell of the Week: The Little Speckled Slipper Snail

Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2000, is a local gastropod that reaches only about 13 mm (about 0.5 inch). Its shell is oval, thin, and convex. Slipper snails have an unusual shelf that serves as protection to the animal’s most delicate organs. The shelf margin in this species is arched and extends further forward (downward in the photos) on its left side. As the common name of the species indicates, the shell usually displays a speckled color pattern, with distinct chestnut-brown spots or streak

Shell of the Week: The Scotch Bonnet

What can I say about Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778) that hasn’t already been said? One of the prized local finds on the barrier islands of Southwest Florida, the Scotch Bonnet is rarely found locally, being apparently more common on the open beaches of the mid-Atlantic states, from Florida up to North Carolina (the species is the State Shell of the latter state.) Its attractive shell may reach up to 10 cm (about 4 inches) and is egg-shaped, with a delicate grid-like (cancellate) sculpture, an

Giant Squid Genome Unveiled!

The Giant Squid, Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857, is the largest living invertebrate, with females attaining about 13 m (43 ft) in length. The species genome was recently unraveled by a team of scientists led by Rute da Fonseca of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The genome is the total DNA set of an organism, a system that contains all the hereditary information for a given species. Complete sets of the genome of an organism are included in all cells that have a nucleus.The results of t

Shell of the Week: The Dark Cerith

Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) is the most common among the six species of the family Cerithiidae present on the barrier islands of Southwest Florida. Its shell grows to about 40 mm (about 1.5 inches) and bears a sculpture of spiral (revolving) cords crossed by axial ("vertical") ribs. Beads form at the intersection of those cords and ribs. Those spiral cords are separated by smaller spiral lines. The shell color is dirt-white to gray covered with irregular brown spots or flecks. This detritus-f

The Photogenic Wonderpus

Despite its striking (and very unusual) appearance, the Wunderpus Octopus was only described as a species new to science in 2006. Wunderpus photogenicus Hochberg, Norman, & Finn, 2006 have a typical coloration of white band-like markings over a reddish-brown background, but no two individuals show exactly the same pattern. In addition to the distinctive coloration, Wonderpus Octopuses have very long, slender arms and eyes at the end of elongated stalks that protrude from the mantle. They are mas

Boring In, Climbing Up

The free-living larva of a Mahogany Date Mussel, Leiosolenus bisulcatus (d’Orbigny, 1853), will settle on a shell or coral colony, and will bore into it away from the surface until it reaches its mature, maximum size; there it will remain until the end of its days. Mahogany Date Mussels bore by dissolving calcium carbonate using a special boring gland present in the mantle. They are also capable of coating the internal surface of their boreholes using a special lining secreted by the mantle. The

Scorched Rainforest Snails?

While rummaging through my old 35 mm film slides (does anyone still remember them?), I found one I shot in August 1980 during an expedition sponsored by the Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) to the Brazilian state of Pará, in the eastern Amazon Region. The slide shows a small (about half an inch) snail in the family Streptaxidae, genus Streptartemon, crawling on the rainforest litter, and flanked by two small white mushrooms. Most streptaxid snails are carnivorous, having evolved to eat other land

The Three-ridged Lucine

Measuring about 7 mm (about 0.28 inch), Cavilinga blanda (Dall, 1901) is another small local member of the family Lucinidae. The outline of its shell is oval, but skewed to one side, with the shell beak pointing in an anterior direction. The shell color is white, its surface is glossy, bearing a sculpture of regular commarginal lines. The internal lining of the valves is sometimes “delaminated,” flaking off. Not commonly found, possibly because of its small size. The shell illustrated was collec

The Octopus Garden

Imagine a large “nursery” of more than a thousand brooding female octopuses assembling in a relatively small area. That is the Octopus Garden, located off the central coast of California. Muusoctopus robustus measures around 380 mm (about 15 inches) in size and was first named in 1990 by Gilbert L. Voss* (University of Miami) and William G. Pearcy (Oregon State University). Back then, scientists had no idea that some deep-sea octopuses could actually spawn together, then proceed to take care of

Shell of the Week: The Many-lined Lucine

At about 6 mm (about 0.24 inch), Parvilucina crenella (Dall, 1901) is one of the smallest local members of the family Lucinidae. Its shell is small, with a delicate sculpture of sculpture of narrow ribs superimposed by commarginal (“concentric”) threads of about the same width as the ribs. The internal margin of valves is crenulated (“wavy”). Shell color is white. This species was in the past known as “Lucina multilineata”. Not commonly found, possibly because of its small size. #parvilucinaten