Curator’s Corner

Museum, research, and collection updates from Dr. José H. Leal, plus Shell of the Week, which highlights a different species every other Friday. Most Shells of the Week are found in Southwest Florida.

Dr. José H. Leal serves as the Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum & Aquarium’s Science Director and Curator. He received his Ph.D. in Marine Biology and Fisheries from the University of Miami and has served at the Museum since 1996.

Shell of the Week: The Amber Melampus

The Amber Melampus, Creedonia succinea (Pfeiffer, 1854), is another local member of the Ellobiidae, a family of air-breathing snails. Shells reach about 3.5 mm (about 1.4 inch), are oval-elongate, translucent, very fragile, thin, with a glossy surface and no perceptible sculpture. The aperture is large, and typically bears two columellar plaits, or “teeth,” with the posterior (“top”) tooth twice as large as the anterior one. The shell color is variable, generally translucent amber, light-brown,

Shell of the Week: The Left-handed Melampus

The Left-handed Melampus, Blauneria heteroclita Montagu, 1808, is an unusual gastropod found in mangrove areas of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the southeastern United States. Its sinistral (left-handed) shell reaches about 5 mm (0.2 inch), is slender, bullet-shaped, with a glossy surface (when well-preserved), covered with microscopic growth lines. The Left-handed Melampus belongs to the family Ellobiidae, a group of air-breathing (pulmonate) snails that evolved to inhabit areas very c

Sea Slug Spotlight: The Antilles Oxynoe

The elegant Antilles Oxynoe, Oxynoe antillarum Mörch, 1863, is found along shallow reef areas of the Caribbean and other parts of the tropical western Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico. It can grow to about 30 mm (1.2 inches) in length. Antilles Oxynoes have an internal coiled shell. The species feeds on green sea weeds in genus Caulerpa, incorporating the pigment-rich chloroplasts into their own mantle. (Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants.) The resulting green color he

The Sparse Dove Snail?

This locally occurring species looks very similar to and could represent the Sparse Dove Snail, Costoanachis sparsa (Reeve, 1859). Shells from Southwest Florida differ ever so slightly from other varietals of this latter species, though, by details of the sculpture, including the deeply etched spiral lines below the suture (area separating two consecutive whorls). You’ll find that we cite the species in the Museum’s identification guide as “Costoanachis aff. sparsa”. The abbreviation “aff.” sta

Shell of the Week: The Fringed Vitrinella

At about 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) in diameter, Episcynia inornata (d’Orbigny, 1842) is one of the “medium-sized” members of the microgastropod family Tornidae (some species of the family measure about 1 mm in diameter only!) Its shell has a flattened trochoid (“top shell-like”) shape, is translucent, probably transparent in the living snail, very thin and fragile, with about 5 whorls. Typically, the shell periphery is garnished with tiny teeth-like projections, with thin wisps of brownish periostracum

Forbes Highlights the Museum

The Museum was recently featured in the web version of Forbes magazine. The brief article includes a brief interview with Science Director & Curator Dr. José H. Leal with rationale for the Museum and the importance of mollusks. Read the article here.

Shell of the Week: The Longspine Star Snail

Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798) measures up to 70 mm, and has a turbinate shell that is usually wider than taller, with about 12–17 triangular spines on the shell periphery. These spines may be worn or reduced in size in some specimens. The shell base is flat, with wavy threads crossed by a few raised spiral cords. The color is variable, with light-brown and greenish hues present, and a whitish base. Although the species is common in other parts of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region, it i

A Rare Florida Lamellaria

When looking in the Museum for a shell to illustrate the entry above, I found a slightly damaged White Ball Lamellaria, Lamellaria leucosphaera Schwengel, 1942 (photo). The species was described in 1942 by Jeanne E. Schwengel, in the journal The Nautilus (currently published by the Museum). Curiously enough, the holotype, or specimen observed and illustrated by Schwengel, deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadephia, was collected at the bay end of Redfish Pass, the deep pass bet

The Exquisite Lamellarias

Shell-less mollusks and those with a reduced or “hidden” shell typically evolved strategies that allow them to stay protected from predators in the absence of that defensive cover. Lamellarias (family Velutinidae) are small (between 5 and 20 mm) marine snails that completely envelop their shells with the mantle. Their shells (see below) are thin, fragile, and hidden, and have obviously lost their protective function. Different species in the genus Lamellaria evolved to resemble distinct marine

Shell of the Week: The West Indian Alvania

Alvania auberiana (d’Orbigny, 1842) is one of the smallest mollusks found along the coast of Southwest Florida. Reaching about 1.5 mm (0.06 inch) in size at most, its shell is literally the size of a medium-sized grain of sand. A powerful hand lens or, better yet, a small microscope, reveals a sculpture of strong (relatively speaking), intercepting spiral cords and axial ridges, which render a crisscrossed aspect to the shell. The free-swimming larvae of this species leave the egg mass about sev